HbA1c, also known as glycated hemoglobin, is a test that measures the average level of blood sugar (glucose) over the past two to three months. It is used to monitor long-term diabetes control and to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes. HbA1c is formed when hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells, combines with glucose in the blood. The higher the blood sugar, the more glucose will combine with hemoglobin, and the higher the HbA1c level will be.
The test is usually done with a blood sample taken from a vein in the arm. It does not require fasting, and results are usually available in a few days. The American Diabetes Association recommends that people with diabetes have their HbA1c levels tested at least twice a year. An HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher indicates diabetes, while a level between 5.7 and 6.4% suggests prediabetes. A normal HbA1c level is below 5.7%. HbA1c levels can be affected by a variety of factors, such as age, kidney function, and ethnicity. It is important to discuss test results with your healthcare provider, who will take these factors into account when interpreting the results.
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